In two poems, both titled "The Chimney Sweeper", William Blake depicts the depraved conditions of life as a chimney sweep. Despite the similar names, Blake contrasts innocence with the disillusionment of a higher power through the two essays. Utilizing religious imagery and similar rhyme schemes, Blake draws a parallelism that he ultimately shatters by revealing the loss of innocence of the chimney sweeps.
In "The Chimney Sweeper" written in 1789, Blake keeps a consistent rhyme scheme of AABBCC...KKLL throughout compared to "The Chimney Sweeper" written in 1794 which switches from an AABB rhyme scheme to a CACADEDE after the first stanza. The consistent rhyme scheme in the 1789 version represents the sense of innocence that pervades the whole poem. Meanwhile the inconsistent rhyme scheme of the 1794 versions represents the disillusionment that the narrator experiences throughout the poem. Furthermore, Blake repeats the ending of the first two lines of the poem, but puts them in a different rhyme scheme in the second stanza. "Crying...in notes of woe" is juxtaposed with "taught me to sing the notes of woe" indicating the tone shift that has occurred between the two stanzas. The narrator is no longer desolate in his conditions but has learned to accept his horrible fate, an indication of his disillusionment and the hopelessness he feels.
The narrator is not only disillusioned with his occupation but also with a higher power. He no longer feels that God will take him out of his misery as he says, "praise God....who make up a heaven of our misery". The contrast between heaven and misery in this line indicates that the narrator no longer believes there is a heaven to be found as his heaven, or the place he will eventually end up is only a place of misery. Meanwhile, in the 1789 version, "little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head...was shav'd" shifts from despondent to hopeful after he dreamt that "Angel told [him]...he'd have God for his father & never want joy." This displays Tom's hopeful innocence. He believes that a higher power will rescue him from his current situation. He has not accepted his misery as he thinks that there is an escape, that there is a father figure looking out for his orphaned soul. It is this sense of hope that Blake brings to the 1789 version of his poem that the audience does not see in the 1794 poem.
Reflection:
In class, we were given the task to write a compare and contrast essay analyzing two poems both titled "The Chimney Sweep". We were also told to read pages in our Literature and Composition textbooks the night before in preparation. The main takeaway I got from the reading was to make a chart contrasting the poetic devices and their effects in order to develop a more insightful analysis; however, I do need to review the pages again to see how the textbook structured their example essay. At times, I felt my wording was very awkward because I didn't know how to transition between talking about the two poems, especially because they both had the same title. I would give myself a 6 on this essay because my analysis was not fully developed as my essay was very very short. I did not time myself well because I spent the majority of my time prewriting and therefore only had about 20 minutes to write my essay. My analysis was adequate but I was very repetitive in my continual use of the words "innocence" and "disillusionment". I could've developed more complexity in my analysis which is why my essay did not merit a higher score. Moving forward, I will reread the textbook pages to get a better sense on how to organize a compare and contrast essay and watch my time more closely in order to leave myself 30 minutes to write.
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